A demonstration that a quantum computer can perform a specific computation faster than any classical computer. Google claimed this milestone in 2019 with Sycamore, though for a contrived benchmark task rather than a practical problem.
Quantum Supremacy (also called Quantum Advantage) is the threshold where quantum hardware demonstrably outperforms classical for some task, proving the quantum computational model is real. Google's 2019 announcement involved a 53-qubit Sycamore processor sampling from a random circuit in 200 seconds that they estimated would take a classical supercomputer 10,000 years (estimates later challenged). The task was deliberately contrived, and useful 'quantum utility' on practical problems remains an active research area.
Google's 2019 Sycamore experiment sampled from a 53-qubit random circuit in 200 seconds. It was the first widely accepted Quantum Supremacy claim, despite being a benchmark-only task.
Quantum Supremacy was the proof-of-physics milestone; 'quantum utility' or 'quantum advantage on useful problems' is the more meaningful milestone industry now tracks.
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